Analysis of New Social Movement Theory Essay -- Sociology Social Mov

Analysis of New Social Movement Theory Works Cited Not include In Johnston, Laraa, and Gusfields discussion of New Social Movement (NSM) theory, they identify the concept as a double-edged sword, in that is has both related itself to the ever-changing shape of society but also overemphasized the newness of its model, almost divorcing itself from previous social movement theories instead of acknowledging and assessing the similarities between them and integrating what is useful from theories of the past. As its basic mannequin asserts that social movements now be not as linked to class as they were in the time of the emergence of Marxism and at the height of industrialist society (as preference Mobilization Theory might stress), new social movement theory succeeds in fitting itself to post-modern and post-industrialist social structure while it fails to explain the situations and changes that it describes. It makes the important particular that a new and different society incites new and different movements. However, the language of the theory has a tendency to ontologize, as it tries to claim more explanatory force out than it empirically warranted, which occasionally makes it an obstacle rather than a tool to analyze the modern face of social movements (Buechler & Cylke 276).Johnston, Laraa, and Gusfield proceed to break down social movements and property to them eight characteristics which help clarify what defines a new social movement. The first of these characteristics is the frequently discussed observation that social movements are no longer homogenous in the category of social class, which Johnston, et al. describe as an NSM not bearing a clear relation to the structural roles of its participants (Buechler &... ...on in the Leninist model, according to Johnston, Laraa, and Gusfield (Buechler & Cylke 278).Overall, New Social Movements are defined by their particular reflections of individualist, post-industrialism, though the basic premises for t he formation of movements remain. Individuals have grievances which affect their choices of action and organization. Though collective action is acted out in different ways and reflects a less unified identity formation process, NSMs bring to bear their effects on society by the matrimony of the actions of its members, whether those actions are personal or collective, and whether or not ideology is broadly shared. In this way, it may be detrimental to call New Social Movements new. Their context of use has changed, and so they have changed. The evolution of social movements reflects both their current environment and their roots.

Savagery in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now Essay -- Movie Film c

Savagery in Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now   Scientists of the nineteenth century speculated that public were on an evolutionary scale that ran from savage to civilized.  The Europeans were considered to be at the highest point yet achieved by humanity -- the civilized.   Peoples and races not yet encountered by the Europeans were placed  pull ahead down the list, and were referred to as savages.  Although the Europeans believed they had reached the height of civilization, remnants remained of their own savagery.  Throughout the novel Heart of Darkness there is reference to the idea of civility versus savagery - this is also legitimate of the movie Apocalypse Now.         Joseph Conrads Heart of Darkness shows the disparity between the European ideal of civilization and the reality of it, displayed by the domination, torture, exploitation and dehumanization of the African throng.  Conrad a lot emphasizes the idea of what is civilized versus what is primitive or savage.  While reading the novel, the reader can picture how savage the Europeans seem.  They are cruel and devious towards the very people they are supposed to be helping.            Marlow, the main character in Heart of Darkness, often recognizes the Europeans dehumanization of the Africans.  As Marlow approaches the company offices at the Outer Station he sees a scene of inhabited devastation (Conrad 24).  He catches sight of a chain gang of half starved, animal-like Africans.  Trying to rationalize the situation, Marlow tells himself that these Africans are criminals, and somehow deserve their ... ...             Heart of Darkness and Apocalypse Now are put together to create an amazing understanding of the real savagery of man and the true comment of civility for the reader and viewer.  Apocalypse Now was set in the jungle amongst the animals and the savages.  Yet it is the soldiers who were the true savages.  The Accountant is blinded by the dark chaos that surrounds the camp, and similarly, the Colonel is unconscious(predicate) of the death and destruction occurring around him.  The savagery  deep down in the hearts of these men truly shows itself with the Africans and the Vietnamese.  Mans inhumanity towards man is clearly depicted passim the journey down the Congo River, as well as up the Nung River.               

hamlet Essay -- essays research papers

Appearance toilet be defined as a superficial tantrum a semblance or pretending something is the case in order to bring on a good impression. Reality on the other hand can be defined as the state of being actual or real the state of the world as it really is rather than as you dexterity want it to be. It is undeniably noticeable that throughout Shakespeares Hamlet many characters are playing roles acting rather than being. This unquestionably reminds the reader of reality, where a mortal can play various roles. In reality, as well as in the play, it is not always easy to distinguish what is true from what only appears to be true. Throughout Hamlet, Shakespeare illuminates the theme of appearance versus reality by portraying ace characters. The principal characters put on an act to conceal their true motives and use it to drive out that motivation as well. The character Polonius reveals this theme stronger than any other character in the play. Throughout the play we see him as a august and honest man who means well for his family and is a vital link between his son Laertes and daughter Ophelia. But in truth, Polonius is desperately attempting to keep up the appearance of a loving and caring man, in order to prove himself to be of a high status. Before Laertes parts for Paris, Polonius speaks to him and gives him fatherly advice that appears to be meaningful, exactly in reality is hollow, repetitive, and without feeling. This speech is questionably the most deceiving speech of the play, and takes lots thought and study to realize Polonius real priorities and objectives. In fact, Polonius does not care much to advise his son for his depart, he simply does this to give the appearance of a loving and caring father Be thou familiar, but by no means vulgar. / Those friends thou hast, and their adoption tried, /Grapple them to thy soul with hoops of steel, /But do not dull thy palm with entertainment (I.iii.65-68). However, at the end of his speech, Polonius makes rather an ironic statement, drastically changing the tone And borrowing dulls the edge of husbandry. /This above all to thine own self be true, /And it must follow, as the night the day, gm canst not be false to any man. /Farewel. My blessing season this in thee (I.iii.77-81). Just when Polonius has won the trust of the reader, he sends Reynaldo to spy on Laertes, ultimately unveil Polonius inabi... ...d remains calm when insulted by Hamlet, while any other king would have gotten infuriated A little more than kin, and less than kind. (I.ii.66). Claudius actions therefore make it difficult to depict the truth about him. This adds to the mystery of whether Claudius is a good king or merely a conniving liar. Each character in Hamlet is presented in a positive light, making it far more difficult for the reader to uncover the buried truth about the motives of each character. The principal characters blur the border between appearance and reality. Polonius, striving to appear th e wonderful father while unable to avoid his conniving mentality Hamlet, appearing screwy and selfish when controlled and selfless and of course King Claudius, smiling and kissing his sister-in-law/wife while wishing away the guilt of the murder of his own brother. These characters are conglomerate and are a window through the appearances in our world to our reality. Shakespeares technique perfectly embodies the humanity of each of these characters, and sends this message right at the ancestry of the play when all appears to be fine, but in reality, Something is rotten in the state of Denmark. (I.iv.99)

Transformational Leadership in Safety :: essays research papers

Running head TRANSFORMATIONAL LEADERSHIP AND SAFETYTransformational lead and gum elastic deviceTransformational Leadership and SafetyThe Postal Service in Baton Rouge and cities around the nation has a poor reputation when it comes to pencil eraser and health of its employees. In an attempt to debunk this unjust accusation, Management and slyness employees alike set out to accomplish a task never before achieved by a postal facility with more than 20 employees. Many managers in the Southwest Area thought it suicide to invite the Occupational Safety and Health institution (OSHA) in for an inspection and try to achieve the highest recommendation obtainable, the coveted STAR award. The plants 491 employees, supervisors and managers using transformational leadership, prepared for and accomplished this achievement in only 90 days.Transformational Leadership by definition is the broadening and elevating of the awareness, acceptance and attitudes of the workforce beyond their persona l interest for the good of a group or company (Bass, 1990) Management, union officials, and craft employees acting as safety captains, worked together to motivate the workforce to see a bigger picture. The first and most important task was building a relationship of trust.The Postal Service is notorious for discipline of its employees when something goes wrong but is slow to reward these same employees for a job well done. The Plant coach-and-four at Baton Rouge, Joseph Tate a 42-year veteran of the service, decided that charisma, intellectual stimulation and individualized consideration, as discussed by Sally A. Carless (1998) were necessary in achieving a heathenish change. He believed that in order to achieve a STAR rating the employees would have to come onboard. With the blessings of the Louisiana District office, he instituted a new safety program that was fashioned after that of Dow Chemical, 3-M and other industry leaders. Employee involvement, as in every industrial succe ss, was the key. Employees selected their own safety captains from the craft workers. Instead of the supervisors of each whole giving the same old boring safety talks, it was now the responsibility of the safety captains to present relevant safety information for each unit. Safety captains collect information throughout the week, and used examples, tasks, tools and materials used within the unit for these talks. Weekly safety meetings became participative and interesting from the onset. Monthly meetings attended by the safety captains, the plant manager, and the territory safety manager proved extremely productive. Monthly safety contests with prizes, job safety analysis completed by the employees themselves, additional OSHA sanctioned training, and a safety information centers on the workroom floor were but a few of the ideas implemented.

Criminal Activity Then and Now Essay -- Criminal Justice, Law

Criminal Activity Then and NowCriminal justice is composed of many lateral departments that swear out us as a society to better understand the process that is started when criminal activity is suspected. We impart examine how individuals learn how to commit crime and what motivates them to do so. This paper will discuss the steps that are taken once a crime is determine and how the Criminal Justice governance is put into drive to service solve and come to some type of resolution for the crime. This paper will further discuss the types of deterrence that are placed into society minds to benefactor curve criminal behavior and activity. After reading this paper the reader should pack a better understanding on how the Criminal Justice System works and why it is needed help promote a safe environment for our society. In order to understand what crime is we must first seem at the definition of what criminal activity is. The term crime comes from a classification of wrongdoing that were established by state or Congress as a felony or misdemeanor, which is committed against a public law. Crime is adjustd as all deviance involving violating norms, but some norms attract the attention of the authorities. Acts that have been declared illegal by some authority are called crime (Curry, Jiobu, & Schwirian, 1999).Crime develops from the wanting of real things that attract or bring attention to certain individuals. A subject that is involved in breaking the law or a moral can be considered a criminal suspect gibe to the law. Crimes can range from violating less serious traffic code, which is basically a breach of a charter that is imposed by a city and up to the more serious things like murder. Anything that goes against the penal system of a country i... ..., 2010).Criminal Justice is composed of many lateral departments that help us define and better understand how crime can come about in our society. Crime can be learned and used to help one come across their p ersonal gain and utilized to replace what is missing. Crime can be reduced by developing rules that enhance the social support that is needed to help families and the community educate them to keep their surrounding safe. By implementing custodial control and punishment can deter some crime but not negociate it altogether. The criminal justice system is not a system that will stop crime but more of guidelines that come with committing crimes. Our society deserve to subsist in a safe and healthy environment and by providing policies and rules that help regulate criminal activity will ensure our society that crime will be prosecuted and carried out to the fullest.

Criminal Activity Then and Now Essay -- Criminal Justice, Law

Criminal Activity Then and NowCriminal justice is composed of many lateral departments that help us as a society to better understand the process that is started when iniquitous activity is suspected. We will examine how individuals learn how to commit nuisance and what motivates them to do so. This paper will contend the steps that are taken once a crime is determine and how the Criminal Justice System is put into place to help solve and seminal fluid to some type of resolution for the crime. This paper will further discuss the types of deterrence that are placed into society minds to help curve criminal demeanor and activity. After reading this paper the reader should have a better understanding on how the Criminal Justice System works and why it is necessary help promote a salutary environment for our society. In order to understand what crime is we must first look at the definition of what criminal activity is. The term crime comes from a classification of wrongdoing that were established by state or Congress as a felony or misdemeanor, which is commit against a public law. Crime is defined as all deviance involving violating norms, but some norms attract the attention of the authorities. Acts that have been declared illegal by some authority are called crime (Curry, Jiobu, & Schwirian, 1999).Crime develops from the wanting of certain things that attract or bring attention to certain individuals. A subject that is involved in breaking the law or a moral can be considered a criminal suspect according to the law. Crimes can range from violating less(prenominal) serious traffic code, which is basically a breach of a charter that is imposed by a city and up to the more serious things corresponding murder. Anything that goes against the penal form of a country i... ..., 2010).Criminal Justice is composed of many lateral departments that help us define and better understand how crime can come about in our society. Crime can be learned and used to help one satisfy their personal gain and apply to replace what is missing. Crime can be reduced by developing rules that enhance the social support that is needed to help families and the community educate them to harbor their surrounding safe. By implementing custodial control and punishment can deter some crime but not eliminate it altogether. The criminal justice system is not a system that will stop crime but more of guidelines that come with committing crimes. Our society deserve to live in a safe and healthy environment and by providing policies and rules that help regulate criminal activity will ensure our society that crime will be prosecuted and carried out to the fullest.

Pure and Impure Matter

Skills Planning and Design Topic Pure and Impure Matter Date January 13, 2012 Problem troy weight was told that the presence of an impureness raises the boiling engineer of water. Troy wanted to carry out an experiment with brininess water and distilled water to determine which would have a higher boiling point. Suggest a plan and design for this lab. Hypothesis The salt water will have a higher boiling point than the distilled water. Variables Controlled the amount of distilled water and salt. Manipulated The temperature of the distilled water.Responding temperature of the salt water and temperature of the distilled water. Apparatus beakers, bunsen burners, tripod stands, measuring cylinders, glass rod, electrical balance. Materials distilled water, salt. Method 1) get two beakers 2) Label them each, one salt solution and the other distilled water. 3) Measure 50cm3 of water into a measuring cylinder and pour into the beaker labeled salt solution. 4) Add 0. 8g of NaCl into the be aker labeled salt solution. 5) Stir until the NaCl is altogether dissolved. 6) Place a thermometer into the beaker and apply heat. ) Record the temperature of the solution as soon as it starts to boil. 8) Repeat steps 3, 6 and 7 using distilled water. 9) Make observations. judge results the boiling point of the salt solution will be higher than the boiling point of the distilled water because sodium chloride is a non- volatile substance and an impurity when added to water. Therefore the substance does not change to vapour under normal heat conditions, because the bonds in the substances are stronger so a lot of heat must(prenominal) be applies and this will cause an increase in the boiling point.

PD Ethics

Freedom of speech means that a person or a body have a right to express them without any fear of suppression or penalty. It also means that there will not be any imposition of persons speech. In todays context, Speech is not limited to public speaking and it does include other forms of expression including social media. Australia does not have any explicit constitutional rights related to freedom of speech. However, sevensarians are protected from criminal action such as fomentation when they express themselves inside the parliament.Background Australia had mix history of freedom of speech. As Australia does not have any explicit law regarding to freedom of speech, there were attempts to move towards liberations of censorship. The modern history of freedom of speech in Australia dates back to First initiation War. Hughes government increased censorship during the war. After the war as the government lost the wartime power, they introduced the Customs Act to keep out destabilize dog matic works. During 1933-34, this mode cached at peak as more than 100 books were banned. Due to threat of communism, Lyons government denied entry to Czech communist writer Eggnog Chicks.During the Minimizes time, government summoned the editor and publishing company of the Bankbooks Observer before the Bar of the House to defend a charge that they had breached parliamentary privilege by publishing an article alleging that a member of parliament was involved in an immigration racket. Both men ended up spending three months in Globulin Jail. During the sass, in Gorton government, Customs & Excise Minister beginner Chip removed ban on many novels and Playboy magazine. He also introduced R certificate for adult movies which were earlier banned. Debate on the resembling is still going on as there are many high profile cases going on.Utilitarianism The essential claim of utilitarianism is that the only reasonable taproom of morality is the minimization of the collective happiness o f society as a whole. From this it follows that all other sobers, if any, have only contributory, as opposed to inherent value. From the utilitarian viewpoint, freedom of speech can therefore be a thing only n terms of its instrumental value. We should look at marketplace of ideas opening usually associated with John Stuart Mill from this perspective. As generally implicit, this theory says that freedom of speech should be secured because it increases the realization of truth.Freedom of speech in this view, is thus contributory for gain on the amount of truth available to society as a whole. Such a marketplace is particularly unlikely in todays world, in which change educational disciplines have become so methodological that most people have only a rare idea of what is going on n them. Mills argument that the marketplace of ideas pointed towards the truth should be understood to worry not truths or reason but metaphysical ideas to which the idea of truth does not apply. Demonolo gy in that location are two basic types of moral theories consequentiality theories and deontological theories.Consequentiality moral theories are those which gift that the correctness of a deed of conveyance is determined exclusively by the grade to which it produces good consequences. Utilitarianism is a consequentiality theory which holds that the utmost deeds are those which create the highest amount of pleasure or happiness for the maximum number of people. It is the ethical theory underlie contemporary cost-benefit and risk-benefit analysis, according to which we are focused to pick the deed with the maximum favorable ratio of cost or risks to benefits.Deontological theories, the most important alternative to consequentiality, hold that the correctness of a deed rest on upon aspects other than the consequences of the deed. These include such things as whether the purposes with which the deed is done ere upright, whether the deed is Just, whether it esteems the rights of th ose affected by it, whether the deed is steady with the burdens of duty, and whether, whatever its consequences, something in the nature of the deed makes it inherently incorrect.Social contract Character based ACS Legal/ethical balance

Monopoly, perfect competition and imperfect competition Essay

?Economists assume that in that respect atomic take 18 a total of polar buyers and sellers in the merchandiseplace. This performer that we have disputation in the market place, which allows price to change in response to changes in supply and bring. Furthermore, for almost e genuinely product there atomic number 18 substitutes, so if unmatched product becomes similarly expensive, a buyer asshole choose a cheaper substitute instead. In a market with some buyers and sellers, both the consumer and the supplier have equal dexterity to influence price. In some industries, there atomic number 18 no substitutes and there is no disputation.In a market that has merely one or some suppliers of a healthy or service, the evolver(s) elicit apply price, meaning that a consumer does non have choice, shadowernot maximize his or her total utility and has have actually little influence over the price of goods. A monopoly is a market expression in which there is only o ne producer/seller for a product. In opposite words, the virtuoso business is the industriousness. Entry into such a market is restricted due to high costs or other impediments, which whitethorn be economic, social or political. For instance, a governing body can create a monopoly over an industry that it wants to control, such as electricity.Another reason for the barriers against penetration into a noncompetitive industry is that a lottimes, one entity has the exclusive rights to a intrinsic resource. For example, in Saudi Arabia the government has sole control over the oil industry. A monopoly may also form when a comp whatsoever has a copyright or patent that prevents others from entranceway the market. Pfizer, for instance, had a patent on Viagra. In an oligopoly, there argon only a few firms that make up an industry. This select group of firms has control over the price and, like a monopoly, an oligopoly has high barriers to entry.The products that the oligopolistic f irms produce be often nearly identical and, therefore, the companies, which be competing for market share, are interdependent as a result of market forces. Assume, for example, that an economy needs only 100 widgets. Company X produces 50 widgets and its competitor, Company Y, produces the other 50. The prices of the two brands result be interdependent and, therefore, similar. So, if Company X starts selling the widgets at a lower price, it will get a greater market share, thereby forcing Company Y to lower its prices as well. at that place are two constitutional forms of market structure monopoly and, its opposite, pure(a) disceptation. Perfect rivalry is characterized by many buyers and sellers, many products that are similar in nature and, as a result, many substitutes. Perfect challenger means there are few, if any, barriers to entry for new companies, and prices are intractable by supply and gather up. and then(prenominal), producers in a holyly private-enterprise (a) market are subject to the prices determined by the market and do not have any leverage.For example, in a improvely warlike market, should a single firm decide to increase its selling price of a good, the consumers can just turn to the nearest competitor for a better price, causation any firm that increases its prices to unload market share and profits. Perfect ambition is the market in which there is a receiven number of buyers and sellers. The goods sold in this market are identical. A single price prevails in the market. On the other hand monopoly is a cause of imperfect market. The number of sellers is one exactly the number of buyers is many. A monopolist is a price-maker.In fact monopoly is the opposite of perfect competition. Firm at a lower place perfect competition and the firm nether monopoly are similar as the aim of both the seller is to maximise profit and to minimise loss. The offset position followed by both the monopoly and perfect competition is MR = M C. condescension there similarities, these two forms of market organization differ from each other in respect of price-cost- outfit. There are many touchs of difference which are famous below. (1) Under perfect competition there are a whopping number of buyers and sellers in the market competing with each other.The price fixed by the industry is accepted by all the firms operating in the market. As against this under monopoly, there is only one single seller but a stupendous number of buyers. The distinction between, firm and industry disappears under this type of market situation. (2) The fair(a) tax income kinks under competition and monopoly take different shapes. The fair tax (price) curve under perfect competition is a horizontal straight line parallel to OX-axis. The industry demand curve or revenue curve slopes downward from left to right. But under monopoly the firm is itself the industry.There is only one demand curve common both to the monopoly firm and monopoly firm and monopoly industry. The average revenue curve under monopoly slopes downward and its corresponding fringy revenue curve lie below the average revenue curve. Under perfect competition MR Curve is the same as AR Curve. (3) Under perfect competition price equals marginal cost at the equilibrium output, but under monopoly equilibrium price is greater than marginal cost. Under perfect competition marginal revenue is the same as average revenue at all levels of output. hence at the equilibrium position under perfect competition marginal cost not only equals marginal revenue but also average revenue. On the other hand under monopoly both the AR and MR curve slope downward and MR curve lies below AR curve. Thus average revenue is greater than marginal revenue at all levels of output. Hence at the equilibrium output of the monopolist price stands higher than marginal cost. Under competition price MR=MC. In monopoly equilibrium, price MC. (4) A competitive firm makes only normal pr ofit in the long run. As against this a monopolist can make super normal profits even in the long run.In dead competitive market there is granting immunity pf entry and exit. Attracted by the supernormal profit earned by the existing firms the new competitive firms enter the market to compete away the supernormal profit. Output rises and profit becomes minimum. Thus in the long run a competitive firm earns only normal profit. But under monopoly the firm continues earning supernormal profits even in the long run since there are strong barriers to the entry of new firms in the monopolistic industry. (5) Under monopoly price is higher and output smaller than under perfect competition.Price output equilibrium is graphically shown in the diagram given below. AR = MR curve is the demand curve under perfect competition which is horizontal straight line. The downward sloping AR and MR curve are the average revenue and marginal revenue curves under monopoly. At equilibrium point E (MR = MC ) a competitive firm produces OM output at OP market price. At point F a monopoly firm attains equilibrium producing OM, output at OP, price. OP competitive price is less than OP, (OP OP,) and OM competitive output is greater than OM, output (OM OM,).(6) A monopolist can discriminate prices for his product, a firm working under perfect competition cannot. The monopolist will be increasing his total profit by price discrimination if he find? Elastic ties of demand are different in different markets. As against his a competitive firm cannot change different prices from different buyers since he faces a perfectly elastic demand at the going market price. If he increases a slights rise in price he will lose the sellers and makes loss. Thus a competitive firm can not discriminate prices which a monopolist can do.Monopoly and perfect competition represent two extremes along a continuum of market structures. At the one extreme is perfect competition, representing the ultimate of effici ency achieved by an industry that has extensive competition and no market control. Monopoly, at the other extreme, represents the ultimate of inefficiency brought slightly by the total lack of competition and extensive market control. Monopoly is a market structure with complete market control. As the only seller in the market, a monopoly controls the supply-side of the market.Perfect competition, in contrast, is a market structure in which each firmhas absolutely no market control. No firm in perfect competition can influence the market price in any way. The best way to compare monopoly and perfect competition is the four characteristics of perfect competition (1) large number of relatively small firms, (2) identical product, (3) freedom of entry and exit, and (4) perfect knowledge. Number of Firms Perfect competition is an industry comprised of a large number of small firms, each of which is a price taker with no market control.Monopoly is an industry comprised of a single firm, which is a price maker with total market control. Phil the zucchini grower is one of gadzillions of zucchini growers. Feet-First pharmaceutic is the only firm that sells Amblathan-Plus, a drug that cures the deadly (but hypothetical) foot ailment known as amblathanitis. Available Substitutes all firm in a perfectly competitive industry produces exactly the same product as every other firm. An infinite number of perfect substitutes are available. A monopoly firm produces a unique product that has no close substitutes and is unlike any other product.Gadzillions of firms grow zucchinis, each of which is a perfect substitute for the zucchinis grown by Phil the zucchini grower. There are no substitutes for Amblathan-Plus. Feet-First Pharmaceutical is the only supplier. Resource Mobility Perfectly competitive firms have complete freedom to enter the industry or exit the industry. There are no barriers. A monopoly firm often achieves monopoly status because the entry of potential competit ors is prevented. Anyone can grow zucchinis. All they need is a plot of land and a few seeds.Feet-First Pharmaceutical holds the patents on Amblathan-Plus. No other firm can enter the market. development Each firm in a perfectly competitive industry possesses the same information about prices and yield techniques as every other firm. A monopoly firm, in contrast, often has information unknown to others. Everyone knows how to grow zucchinis (or can easily find out how). Feet-First Pharmaceutical has a secret formula use in the production of Amblathan-Plus. This information is not available to anyone else. The consequence of these differences includeFirst, the demand curve for a perfectly competitive firm is perfectly elastic and the demand curve for a monopoly firm is THE market demand, which is negatively-sloped according to the law of demand. A perfectly competitive firm is thus a price taker and a monopoly is a price maker. Phil must(prenominal) sell his zucchinis at the going m arket price. It he does not like the price, then he does not sell zucchinis. Feet-First Pharmaceutical can adjust the price of Amblathan-Plus, either higher or lower, and so doing it can control the quantity sold.Second, the monopoly firm charges a higher price and produces less output than would be achieved with a perfectly competitive market. In particular, the monopoly price is not equal to marginal cost, which means a monopoly does not efficiently allocate resources. Although Feet-First Pharmaceutical charges several dollars per ounce of Amblathan-Plus, the cost of producing each ounce is substantially less. Phil, in contrast, just about breaks even on each zucchini sold. Third, while an economic profit is NOT guaranteed for any firm, a monopoly is more likely to receive economic profit than a perfectly competitive firm.In fact, a perfectly competitive firm IS guaranteed to earn nothing but a normal profit in the long run. The same cannot be said for monopoly. The price of zucch inis is so close to the cost of production, Phil never earns much profit. If the price is relatively high, other zucchini producers quickly flood the market, eliminating any profit. In contrast, Feet-First Pharmaceutical has been able to go along a price above production cost for several years, with a handsome profit perpetually paid to the company shareholders year after year. Fourth, the positively-sloped marginal cost curve for each perfectly competitive firm is its supply curve.This ensures that the supply curve for a perfectly competitive market is also positively sloped. The marginal cost curve for a monopoly is NOT, repeat NOT, the firms supply curve. There is NO positively-sloped supply curve for a market controlled by a monopoly. A monopoly might produce a larger quantity if the price is higher, in accordance with the law of supply, or it might not. If the price of zucchinis rises, then Phil can afford to grow more. If the price falls, then he is forced to grow less. Margi nal cost dictates what Phil can produce and supply.Feet-First Pharmaceutical, in comparison, often sells a larger quantity of Amblathan-Plus as the price falls, because they face decreasing average cost with larger scale production. MONOPOLY, CHARACTERISTICS The four key characteristics of monopoly are (1) a single firm selling all output in a market, (2) a unique product, (3) restrictions on entry into and exit out of the industry, and more often than not (4) specialized information aboutproduction techniques unavailable to other potential producers. These four characteristics mean that a monopoly has extensive (boarding on complete) market control.Monopoly controls the selling side of the market. If anyone seeks to acquire the production sold by the monopoly, then they must buy from the monopoly. This means that the demand curve facing the monopoly is the market demand curve. They are one and the same. The characteristics of monopoly are in direct contrast to those of perfect comp etition. A perfectly competitive industry has a large number of relatively small firms, each producing identical products. Firms can freely move into and out of the industry and share the same information about prices and production techniques.A monopolized industry, however, tends to fall far short of each perfectly competitive characteristic. There is one firm, not a lot of small firms. There is only one firm in the market because there are no close substitutes, let alone identical products produced by other firms. A monopoly often owes its monopoly status to the fact that other potential producers are prevented from entering the market. No freedom of entry here. Neither is there perfect information. A monopoly firm often has specialized information, such as patents or copyrights, that are not available to other potential producers.Single Supplier The essence of a monopoly is a market controlled by a single seller. The mono part of monopoly means single. This mono term is also the source of such words as monarcha single ruler monochromea single burnish monka solitary religious figure monoclean eyeglass for one eye and monolitha single large stone. The poly part of monopoly means to sell. So the word itself, monopoly, means a single seller. The single seller, of course, is a direct contrast to perfect competition, which has a large number of sellers.In fact, perfect competition could be renamed multipoly or manypoly, to contrast it with monopoly. The most important aspect of being a single seller is that the monopoly seller IS the market. The market demand for a good IS the demand for the output produced by the monopoly. This makes monopoly a price maker, rather than a price taker. A hypothetical example that can be used to beautify the features of a monopoly is Feet-First Pharmaceutical. This firm owns the patent to Amblathan-Plus, the only cure for the deadly (but hypothetical) foot ailment known as amblathanitis.As the only producer of Amblathan-Plus, Fe et-First Pharmaceutical is a monopoly with extensive market control. The market demand for Amblathan-Plus is THE demand for Amblathan-Plus sold by Feet-First Pharmaceutical. Unique Product To be the only seller of a product, however, a monopoly must have a unique product. Phil the zucchini grower is the only producer of Phils zucchinis. The problem for Phil, however, is that gadzillions of other firms sell zucchinis that are indistinguishable from those sold by Phil. Amblathan-Plus, in contrast, is a unique product. There are no close substitutes.Feet-First Pharmaceutical holds the exclusive patent on Amblathan-Plus. No other firm has the lawful authority to produced Amblathan-Plus. And even if they had the legal authority, the secret formula for producing Amblathan-Plus is sealed away in an airtight vault deep internal the fortified Feet-First Pharmaceutical headquarters. Of course, other medications exist that might alleviate some of the symptoms of amblathanitis. One ointment t emporarily reduces the swelling. Another powder relieves the redness. But nothing else exists to cure amblathanitis completely.A few passing imperfect substitutes exists. But there are no close substitutes for Amblathan-Plus. Feet-First Pharmaceutical has a monopoly because it is the ONLY seller of a UNIQUE product. Barriers to Entry and Exit A monopoly is generally assured of being the ONLY firm in a market because of assorted barriers to entry. Some of the key barriers to entry are (1) government demonstrate or franchise, (2) resource ownership, (3) patents and copyrights, (4) high start-up cost, and (5) decreasingaverage total cost. Feet-First Pharmaceutical has a few these barriers working in its favor.It has, for example, an exclusive patent on Amblathan-Plus. The government has decreed that Feet-First Pharmaceutical, and only Feet-First Pharmaceutical, has the legal authority to produce and sell Amblathan-Plus. Moreover, the secret ingredient used to produce Amblathan-Plus i s obtained from a rare, genetically enhanced, eucalyptus tree grown only on a Brazilian plantation owned by Feet-First Pharmaceutical. Even if another firm knew how to produce Amblathan and had the legal authority to do so, they would lack penetration to this innate ingredient.A monopoly might also face barriers to exiting a market. If government deems that the product provided by the monopoly is essential for well-being of the public, then the monopoly might be prevented from leaving the market. Feet-First Pharmaceutical, for example, cannot exclusively cease the production of Amblathan-Plus. It is essential to the health and welfare of the public. This barrier to exit is most often applied to public utilities, such as electricity companies, natural gas distribution companies, local telephone companies, and garbage collection companies.These are often deemed essential services that cannot be discontinued without permission from a government regulation authority. Specialized Info rmation Monopoly is commonly characterized by control of information or production engineering not available to others. This specialized information often comes in the form of legally-established patents, copyrights, or trademarks. While these create legal barriers to entry they also indicate that information is not perfectly shared by all. The AT&T telephone monopoly of the late 1800s and early 1900s was largely due to the telephone patent.Pharmaceutical companies, like the hypothetical Feet-First Pharmaceutical, regularly monopolize the market for a circumstantial drug by virtue of a patent. In addition, a monopoly firm might know something or have a piece of information that is not available to others. This something may or may not be patented or copyrighted. It could be a secret recipe or formula. Perhaps it is a unique method of production. One example of specialized information is the special, secret formula for producing Amblathan-Plus that is sealed away in an airtight vaul t deep inside the fortified Feet-First Pharmaceutical headquarters.No one else has this information. opposition is very common and often times very aggressive in a free market place where a large number of buyers and sellers interact with one another. Economic theory come upons a number of market competitive structures that takes into account the differences in the number of buyers, sellers, products sold, and prices charged. There are two extreme forms of market competitive conditions namely, perfectly competitive and imperfectly competitive. The following article provides a out-of-doors overview of each type of market competitive structures and provides an explanation of how they are different to one another.What is Perfect Competition? Perfect competition is where the sellers within a market place do not have any distinct advantage over the other sellers since they sell a homogeneous product at similar prices. There are many buyers and sellers, and since the products are very similar in nature there is little competition as the buyers needs could be quelled by the products sold by any seller in the market place. Since there are a large number of sellers each seller will have smaller market share, and it is impossible for one or few sellers to dominate in such a market structure.Perfectly competitive market places also have very low barriers to entry any seller can enter the market place and start selling the product. Prices are determined by the forces of demand and supply and, therefore, all sellers must conform to a similar price level. Any company that increases the price over competitors will lose market share since the buyer can easily switch to the competitors product. What is Imperfect Competition? Imperfect competition as the word suggests is a market structure in which the conditions for perfect competition are not satisfied.This refers to a number of extreme market conditions including monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, oligopsony and monopolisti c competition. Oligopoly refers to a market structure in which a small number of sellers compete with each other and offer a similar product to a large number of buyers. Since the products are so similar in nature, there is intense competition among market players, and high barriers to entry since most new firms may not have the capital, technology to startup. A monopoly is where one firm will control the entire market place, and will hold 100% market share.The firm in a monopoly market will have control over the product, price, features, etc. Such firms usually hold a patented product, proprietary knowledge/technology or holds access to a single important resource. Monospsony is where there are many sellers in the market with just one buyer and oligopsony is where there are a large number of sellers and a small number of buyers. Monopolistic competition is where 2 firms within a market place sell differentiated products that cannot be used as substitutes to each other. Perfect vs I mperfect Competition.Perfect and Imperfectly competitive markets are very different to one another in terms of the different market conditions that need to be satisfied. The main difference is that, in a perfectly competitive market place, the competitive conditions are much less intense, than any other form of imperfect competition. Furthermore, a perfectly competitive market structure is healthier as buyers have enough options to select from and arent, therefore, pressured to purchase one / few products and sellers are able to enter/exit as they please, which is opposite to most market conditions within an imperfectly competitive market place.Summary There are two extreme forms of market competitive conditions namely, perfectly competitive and imperfectly competitive. Perfect competition is where the sellers within a market place do not have any distinct advantage over the other sellers since they sell a homogeneous product at similar prices. Imperfect competition as the word s uggests is a market structure in which the conditions for perfect competition are not satisfied. This refers to a number of extreme market conditions including monopoly, oligopoly, monopsony, oligopsony and monopolistic competition.Perfect and monopolistic competitions are both forms of market situations that describe the levels of competition within a market structure. Perfect competition and monopolistic competition are different to each other in that they describe completely different market scenarios that involve differences in prices, levels of competition, number of market players and types of goods sold. The article gives a clear outline of what each type of competition means to market players and consumers and shows their distinct differences. What is Perfect Competition?A market with perfect competition is where there are a very large number of buyers and sellers who are buying and selling an identical product. Since the product is identical in all its features, the price c harged by all sellers is a uniform price. Economic theory describes market players in a perfect competition market as not being large enough by themselves to be able to become a market leader or to set prices. Since the products sold and prices set are identical, there are no barriers to entry or exit within such a market place.The existence of such perfect markets are quite rare in the real world, and the perfectly competitive mart is a formation of economic theory to help better understand other forms of market competition such as monopolistic and oligopolistic. What is Monopolistic Competition? A monopolistic market is one where there are a large number of buyers but a very few number of sellers. The players in these types of markets sell goods which are different to each other and, therefore, are able to charge different prices depending on the foster of the product that is offered to the market.In a monopolistic competition situation, since there are only a few number of selle rs, one larger seller controls the market, and therefore, has control over prices, quality and product features. However, such a monopoly is said to last only within the short run, as such market power tends to disappear in the long run as new firms enter the market creating a need for cheaper products. What is the difference between Perfect Competition and Monopolistic Competition? Perfect and monopolistic competition marketplaces have similar objectives of trading which is maximizing profitability and avoid making losses.However, the market dynamics between these two forms of markets are quite distinct. Monopolistic competition describes an imperfect market structure quite opposite to perfect competition. Perfect competition explains an economic theory of a marketplace which does not happen to exist in reality. Summary Perfect Competition vs Monopolistic Competition Perfect and monopolistic competitions are both forms of market situations that describe the levels of competition wi thin a market structure.A market with perfect competition is where there are a very large number of buyers and sellers who are buying and selling an identical product. A monopolistic market is one where there are a large number of buyers but a very few number of sellers. The players in these types of markets sell goods which are different to each other, and therefore, are able to charge different prices. Monopolistic competition describes an imperfect market structure quite opposite to perfect competition. Perfect competition explains an economic theory of a marketplace which does not happen to exist in reality.

Little Miss Sunshine Family Assessment Essay

IntroductionFamily can be a source of support, comfort, optimism, love and happiness, and family can also be a cause of depression, betrayal, hurt and pain. Family is not always determined by the having the same DNA running by means of ones veins but it is the seize that people can have with one another. Family can consist of friends, co-workers, classmates, a community or a group of other people. Some family members can be the worst enemies because they have the most ammunition of secrets to bring a relative down. Being able to trust a person, depend on them, and be unworried is a person that can be valued as being a part of a family. In the movie miniature Miss Sunshine, their nonadaptive family is loving, supportive, optimistic as considerably as motivating.The movie is filled with dark humor about a modern middle-class family that is about to encounter fiscal catastrophe but in the midst of their struggles they still find the bag in life.In the opening night of the movie Richard, the father is giving a motivational speech about winning, he states There are two types of people in this world, winners and losers. Richard is a protagonist motivational speaker that is obsessed with winning. He is so consumed with achieving that he ridicules his family for not being perfect throughout the film. Sheryl is the mother who is an optimist, she is always giving words of encouragement even when Richard is trying to bring his family down and she is completely about honest. Frank is the brother of Sheryl whom at the beginning attempts to commit suicide delinquent to a broken heart and losing his standing as Americas pre-eminent Proust Scholar. Dwayne is the son of Richard and Sheryl and is committed to being in the air force. He is so committed that he takes a devote of silence until he gets into the air force, but then finds out he is colored blind and breaks his silence. Olive is another protagonist character in the film, she is the daughter of Frank and She ryl and has dreams ofbecoming a smash queen. Grandpa is Olives beauty queen pomposity coach and is a late in life convert to heroine and porn, he eventu onlyy dies from a drug overdose. Main themes within the film are irony, issues of struggling to be perfect with the trials and set backs as a middle class family as well as exposing beauty pageants for little girls in America.Irony is a main theme in the movie because the roles each character frivols contradicts who they are trying to be. Richard is every about motivating others to win and pushing his 9 steps to Success tho ironically he is unsuccessful in his motivational speeches. In the opening scenes Richard is giving his 9 Steps to Success lecture to a class of no more than 4 or 5 students and his steps to success are denied because no one knows who he is. Olives character also shows irony because she is an overweight, unfashionable 7 year old that is competing in glamor beauty pageants. Grandpa is in late adulthood but is acting as though he is in the stages of early adulthood by doing drugs instead of watch out for his health to prolong his life. Dwayne is showed to be working out and lifting at the beginning of the movie like as if he is a pro-athlete but is real slender and pale. Throughout the film the irony within each character and the masks they wore changed for the better.Issues of struggling in the film for this middle class family shows how they are on the bourn of a financial catastrophe. Richard was so invested in his contract for his steps to success and depended on that source of income only to find out his contract was cancelled. The Hoovers van breaks down multiple times and has many issues, such as the horn constantly honking. The family also did not have the money to go to atomic number 20 but made the trip anyway to chase Olives dream that would may come true. Even after the pageant financial burdens anticipate them with the transportation of grandpas corpse and the costs fo r a funeral. With all the struggles this family endures the characters ways of thinking changed into optimistic views of life.Little Miss Sunshine was the beauty pageant that Olive was competing in and when the family arrived they realized that the Olive did not contain theglamor and elegance of the other contestants. This film displayed the process in which the little girls had to go through to fulfil the image of a beauty pageant queen. In the middle of the film Olive orders ice cream for breakfast and Richard lectures her about her way of consume and that beauty pageant winners do not eat ice cream so that way they can look thin and win. During the pageant Olive shows her endowment of dancing and the judges are offended, the crowd is disgusted and the host of the pageant attempts to get her off stage all because she does not fulfill the image of what confederation says a beauty pageant contestant should look like. But after Olives performance Richard then compliments her for d oing such a large(p) job and that her grandpa would have been proud of her. Richard realizes that his daughter is who she is and is proud to know that she tries her best in all she does and enjoys herself.Assessing the family one can determine that they have to date to achieve homeostasis. The family system as a whole shows that they are unable to maintain a stable constant state of balance financially however they are able to achieve this with their family structure. An example of the strong structure in this family system is having dinner with everyone present at the table, even Dwayne though he holds his vow of silence. Boundaries within the family system are set by Richard and most of the time it is him against everyone else. Subsystems include the brother Frank, the children Olive and Dwayne and grandpa. Each member has a role to play where Sheryls role is the most important because she is matriarch of the family, she is what holds the family together with her optimism and en couragement.There is a strong relationship between Olive and Dwayne, when Dwayne breaks down after finding out he is color blind Olive is there to comfort him same with Dwayne being there for Olive when she is getting ridiculed onstage at the Little Miss Sunshine pageant. The parents however seem to be on the brink of a divorce due to the constant arguments, if financial burdens get any tougher it may break their marriage. The family is experience negative entropy, each member is growing and developing. Frank who was at first suicidal is giving Dwayne advice about life. Richard is realizing that life is not all about winning but seeing the beauty in loving his family for who they are and what they do.When questioning the family, concerns would be whether or not Frank is still at risk of suicide? Has Frank identified the immediate problem that is causing excessive stress? He is suffering from a broken heart and due to that he is losing everything else around him because the man befo re is overshadowing his family, his goals, and his future. Has Frank identified any strengths that he still has? This question is asked because he is depressed about losing his job and as well as his standing as Americas pre-eminent Proud Scholar. Frank does show some signs of depression, he has a made a prior attempt, and he has no spouse. According to the SAD PERSONS scale Frank as a client may be considered for hospitalization though he has an dreaded support system with his family.(344).

History of Algebra Essay

Various derivations of the word algebra, which is of Arabian origin, have been aband one(a)d by different writers. The first mention of the word is to be found in the ennoble of a piss by Mahommed ben Musa al-Khwarizmi (Hov atomic number 18zmi), who flourished about the beginning of the 9th degree centigrade. The full title is ilm al-jebr wal-muqabala, which contains the ideas of restitution and comparison, or opposition and comparison, or resolution and comparability, jebr cosmos derived from the verb jabara, to reunite, and muqabala, from gabala, to make equal. The root jabara is also met with in the word algebrista, which means a bone-setter, and is still in common use in Spain. )The corresponding derivation is given by Lucas Paciolus (Luca Pacioli), who reproduces the phrase in the transliterated form alghebra e almucabala, and ascribes the invention of the art to the Arabians. Other writers have derived the word from the Arabic particle al (the definite article), and ger ber, mean man. Since, however, Geber happened to be the name of a celebrated Moorish philosopher who flourished in about the 11th or 12th century, it has been supposed that he was the founder of algebra, which has since perpetuated his name. The evidence of beak Ramus (1515-1572) on this point is interesting, however he gives no ascendency for his singular statements. In the preface to his Arithmeticae libri duo et totidem Algebrae (1560) he says The name Algebra is Syriac, signifying the art or tenet of an excellent man. For Geber, in Syriac, is a name applied to men, and is sometimes a terminus of honour, as master or doctor among us.There was a certain(p) learned mathematician who sent his algebra, written in the Syriac language, to Alexander the Great, and he named it almucabala, that is, the book of dark or mysterious things, which others would rather call the doctrine of algebra. To this day the same book is in spectacular estimation among the learned in the oriental nat ions, and by the Indians, who cultivate this art, it is called aljabra and alboret though the name of the author himself is non known. The uncertain authority of these statements, and the plausibility of the preceding explanation, have caused philologists to accept the derivation from al and jabara.Robert Recorde in his Whetstone of Witte (1557) uses the variant algeber, while John Dee (1527-1608) affirms that algiebar, and not algebra, is the correct form, and appeals to the authority of the Arabian Avicenna. Although the term algebra is now in universal use, various other appellations were used by the Italian mathematicians during the Renaissance. Thus we find Paciolus calling it lArte Magiore ditta dal vulgo la Regula de la Cosa over Alghebra e Almucabala. The name larte magiore, the greater art, is designed to distinguish it from larte minore, the lesser art, a term which he applied to the modern arithmetic.His routine variant, la regula de la cosa, the rule of the thing or unknown quantity, appears to have been in common use in Italy, and the word cosa was preserved for several centuries in the forms coss or algebra, cossic or algebraic, cossist or algebraist, &c. Other Italian writers termed it the Regula rei et census, the rule of the thing and the product, or the root and the square. The principle underlying this expression is in all likelihood to be found in the fact that it measured the limits of their attainments in algebra, for they were unable to solve equations of a higher degree than the quadratic or square.Franciscus Vieta (Francois Viete) named it Specious Arithmetic, on count of the species of the quantities involved, which he represented symbolically by the various letters of the alphabet. Sir Isaac Newton introduced the term Universal Arithmetic, since it is concerned with the doctrine of operations, not affected on numbers, provided on general symbols. Notwithstanding these and other idiosyncratic appellations, European mathematicia ns have adhered to the older name, by which the subject is now universally known.It is difficult to assign the invention of any art or experience definitely to any particular age or race. The few fragmentary records, which have come down to us from past civilizations, must not be regarded as representing the totality of their knowledge, and the omission of a science or art does not necessarily imply that the science or art was unknown. It was formerly the custom to assign the invention of algebra to the classicals, but since the decipherment of the Rhind papyrus by Eisenlohr this view has changed, for in this exercise there are distinct signs of an algebraic analysis.The particular problema heap (hau) and its seventh makes 19is solved as we should now solve a simple equation but Ahmes varies his methods in other similar problems. This discovery carries the invention of algebra back to about 1700 B. C. , if not earlier. It is probable that the algebra of the Egyptians was of a mos t rudimentary nature, for otherwise we should carry to find traces of it in the works of the classic aeometers. of whom Thales of Miletus (640-546 B. C. ) was the first.Notwithstanding the prolixity of writers and the number of the writings, all attempts at extracting an algebraic analysis rom their geometrical theorems and problems have been fruitless, and it is mainly conceded that their analysis was geometrical and had little or no affinity to algebra. The first extant work which approaches to a treatise on algebra is by Diophantus (q. v. ), an Alexandrian mathematician, who flourished about A. D. 350. The original, which consisted of a preface and thirteen books, is now wooly, but we have a Latin translation of the first six books and a fragment of another on polygonal numbers by Xylander of Augsburg (1575), and Latin and Greek translations by Gaspar Bachet de Merizac (1621-1670).Other editions have been published, of which we may mention Pierre Fermats (1670), T. L. Heaths ( 1885) and P. Tannerys (1893-1895). In the preface to this work, which is dedicated to one Dionysius, Diophantus explains his notation, naming the square, cube and fourth powers, dynamis, cubus, dynamodinimus, and so on, according to the sum in the indices. The unknown he terms arithmos, the number, and in solutions he marks it by the final s he explains the generation of powers, the rules for multiplication and member of simple quantities, but he does not treat of the addition, subtraction, multiplication and division of compound quantities.He then proceeds to discuss various artifices for the simplification of equations, giving methods which are still in common use. In the body of the work he displays considerable ingenuity in reducing his problems to simple equations, which admit either of direct solution, or fall into the class known as indeterminable equations. This latter class he discussed so assiduously that they are often known as Diophantine problems, and the methods of resolving them as the Diophantine analysis (see EQUATION, Indeterminate. ) It is difficult to believe that this work of Diophantus arose spontaneously in a period of general stagnation.It is more than than likely that he was indebted to earlier writers, whom he omits to mention, and whose works are now lost nevertheless, but for this work, we should be led to assume that algebra was almost, if not entirely, unknown to the Greeks. The Romans, who succeeded the Greeks as the chief civilized power in Europe, failed to set store on their literary and scientific treasures mathematics was all but neglected and beyond a few improvements in arithmetical computations, there are no material advances to be recorded. In the chronological development of our subject we have now to turn to the Orient.Investigation of the writings of Indian mathematicians has exhibited a fundamental distinction between the Greek and Indian learning ability, the former being pre-eminently geometrical and speculativ e, the latter arithmetical and mainly practical. We find that geometry was neglected except in so far as it was of service to astronomy trigonometry was advanced, and algebra improved far beyond the attainments of Diophantus. The earliest Indian mathematician of whom we have certain knowledge is Aryabhatta, who flourished about the beginning of the 6th century of our era.The fame of this astronomer and mathematician rests on his work, the Aryabhattiyam, the third chapter of which is devoted to mathematics. Ganessa, an eminent astronomer, mathematician and scholiast of Bhaskara, quotes this work and makes separate mention of the cuttaca (pulveriser), a device for effecting the solution of indeterminate equations. Henry Thomas Colebrooke, one of the earliest modern investigators of Hindu science, presumes that the treatise of Aryabhatta extended to determinate quadratic equations, indeterminate equations of the first degree, and probably of the second.An astronomical work, called the Surya-siddhanta (knowledge of the Sun), of uncertain authorship and probably belonging to the 4th or 5th century, was considered of great merit by the Hindus, who ranked it only second to the work of Brahmagupta, who flourished about a century later. It is of great interest to the historical student, for it exhibits the influence of Greek science upon Indian mathematics at a period prior to Aryabhatta. After an interval of about a century, during which mathematics attained its highest level, there flourished Brahmagupta (b.A. D. 598), whose work entitled Brahma-sphuta-siddhanta (The revised system of Brahma) contains several chapters devoted to mathematics.Of other Indian writers mention may be made of Cridhara, the author of a Ganita-sara (Quintessence of Calculation), and Padmanabha, the author of an algebra. A period of mathematical stagnation then appears to have possessed the Indian mind for an interval of several centuries, for the works of the next author of any moment stand but little in advance of Brahmagupta.We refer to Bhaskara Acarya, whose work the Siddhanta-ciromani ( crown of anastronomical System), written in 1150, contains two important chapters, the Lilavati (the beautiful science or art) and Viga-ganita (root-extraction), which are given up to arithmetic and algebra. English translations of the mathematical chapters of the Brahma-siddhanta and Siddhanta-ciromani by H. T. Colebrooke (1817), and of the Surya-siddhanta by E. Burgess, with annotations by W. D. Whitney (1860), may be consulted for details.The question as to whether the Greeks borrowed their algebra from the Hindus or vice versa has been the subject of much discussion. There is no doubt that there was a everlasting traffic between Greece and India, and it is more than probable that an exchange of produce would be accompanied by a transference of ideas. Moritz Cantor suspects the influence of Diophantine methods, more oddly in the Hindu solutions of indeterminate equations, where certain technical terms are, in all probability, of Greek origin. However this may be, it is certain that the Hindu algebraists were far in advance of Diophantus.The deficiencies of the Greek symbolism were partially remedied subtraction was denoted by placing a dot over the subtrahend multiplication, by placing bha (an abbreviation of bhavita, the product) after the factom division, by placing the ingredient under the dividend and square root, by inserting ka (an abbreviation of karana, irrational) before the quantity. The unknown was called yavattavat, and if there were several, the first took this appellation, and the others were designated by the names of colours for instance, x was denoted by ya and y by ka (from kalaka, black).A notable improvement on the ideas of Diophantus is to be found in the fact that the Hindus recognized the existence of two roots of a quadratic equation, but the negative roots were considered to be inadequate, since no interpretation could be found f or them. It is also supposed that they anticipated discoveries of the solutions of higher equations. Great advances were made in the field of view of indeterminate equations, a branch of analysis in which Diophantus excelled. notwithstanding whereas Diophantus aimed at obtaining a single solution, the Hindus strove for a general method by which any indeterminate problem could be resolved.In this they were completely successful, for they obtained general solutions for the equations ax(+ or -)by=c, xy=ax+by+c (since rediscovered by Leonhard Euler) and cy2=ax2+b. A particular case of the last equation, namely, y2=ax2+1, distressingly taxed the resources of modern algebraists. It was proposed by Pierre de Fermat to Bernhard Frenicle de Bessy, and in 1657 to all mathematicians. John Wallis and Lord Brounker jointly obtained a tedious solution which was published in 1658, and afterwards in 1668 by John Pell in his Algebra. A solution was also given by Fermat in his Relation.Although Pe ll had nothing to do with the solution, osterity has termed the equation Pells Equation, or Problem, when more rightly it should be the Hindu Problem, in recognition of the mathematical attainments of the Brahmans. Hermann Hankel has pointed out the readiness with which the Hindus passed from number to magnitude and vice versa. Although this transition from the discontinuous to continuous is not truly scientific, yet it materially augmented the development of algebra, and Hankel affirms that if we define algebra as the application of arithmetical operations to both rational and irrational numbers or magnitudes, then the Brahmans are the real inventors of algebra.The integration of the scattered tribes of Arabia in the 7th century by the stirring religious propaganda of Mahomet was accompanied by a meteorological rise in the intellectual powers of a hitherto obscure race. The Arabs became the custodians of Indian and Greek science, whilst Europe was rent by internal dissensions.Unde r the rule of the Abbasids, capital of Iraq became the centre of scientific thought physicians and astronomers from India and Syria flocked to their court Greek and Indian manuscripts were translated (a work commenced by the Caliph Mamun (813-833) and ably continued by his successors) and in about a century the Arabs were placed in possession of the vast stores of Greek and Indian learning. Euclids Elements were first translated in the reign of Harun-al-Rashid (786-809), and revised by the order of Mamun. But these translations were regarded as imperfect, and it remained for Tobit ben Korra (836-901) to produce a satisfactory edition.Ptolemys Almagest, the works of Apollonius, Archimedes, Diophantus and portions of the Brahmasiddhanta, were also translated. The first notable Arabian mathematician was Mahommed ben Musa al-Khwarizmi, who flourished in the reign of Mamun. His treatise on algebra and arithmetic (the latter part of which is only extant in the form of a Latin translation, discovered in 1857) contains nothing that was unknown to the Greeks and Hindus it exhibits methods allied to those of both races, with the Greek element predominating.The part devoted to algebra has the title al-jeur walmuqabala, and the arithmetic begins with Spoken has Algoritmi, the name Khwarizmi or Hovarezmi having passed into the word Algoritmi, which has been further transformed into the more modern words algorism and algorithm, signifying a method of computing Tobit ben Korra (836-901), born at Harran in Mesopotamia, an accomplished linguist, mathematician and astronomer, rendered conspicuous service by his translations of various Greek authors.

In the name of the father Essay

Often a film conveys a message about a character through various film techniques. This is true in the film In The Name of the Father. This story is mainly about a young man who is arrested for a crime he did not use and how a relationship between father and son deepens throughout the tragedy. The main character, Gerry Conlon, is first portrayed to the viewer as an unruly rebel but is after developed into a more docile and compliant character. The director, Jim Sheridon, uses film techniques such as costume design, dialogue and ext suppressed metaphors to convey the development of Gerry as a character.1st paragraph -1st time we see gerry, scruffy, uncut -costume design baggy jeans, long hair, dirty air -gives idea that gerry doesnt help about his appearance or what people think of him -as film progresses he sharpens up appearance -combed pulled back hair 2nd -change also shown through dialogue - attorney asks him if he is scare of the court -he replies i just dont want to be humi liated again -this brief piece of dialogue shows that he has now changed and does care what others think of him -helps viewer understand how desperate an innocent man can be in the fight for justice3rd -use of extended metaphor -viewer sees lawyer gareth pierce driving through a long tunnel while listening to gerrys story -this could be viewed as an extended metaphor for the long gloomful road gerry has gone down while fighting the legal system -as the story draws to a conclusion she reaches the end of the tunnel, or the light at the end of the tunnel -could refer to the point in the story where gerry and the others are finally set free

Pros and cons Essay

Reality shows is a genre of television show that screens unwritten dramatic or funny situations, reenacting true stories. These shows are usually acted out by normal people instead of professional actors. Hence, this essay will relieve the pros and cons of honesty shows and why they are so popular.Firstly, reality shows are really fascinating. By watching how the actors speak and behave in unexpected situations, the audition would be able to reiterate them and get out of awkward situations. For instance, watching a reality show that screens a typical life of a lazy student. When a student is unable to hand in his assignment, he can say that he was suffering from a bad headache and promise to hand in the next morning.Secondly, reality shows displays freedom and free speech. As reality shows basically reflects our actions in our daily lives. This will help the viewers to gain the confidence in voicing out their opinions. In other words, democracy can be seen in this situation. Whe reby, the people have an equal opportunity to express their opinion on the laws and the actions of their country. Thus, reality shows are popular as it helps to bring out the voices of the people.However, there are also cons to reality shows.From the young to adults and from schools to workplaces, people are discussing about the reality shows they have watched. The reality shows have become a common topic for the people that seperates the different topic for different age range. From this, disadvantages can be discover because this causes a line to be drawn between the young and the adult. Parents and children will not be able to communicate properly and conflicts may rise. Children will call back that their parents do not understand them and thus growing apart from each other, affecting their relationship.Lastly, reality shows normally target the adolescence. As part of the media strategy, the reality shows timings are set at night and will affect the students studies greatly. In stead of studying at home, the students will watch the television programmes. As a result, not only affecting their studygrades but also affect their future career prospects.In conclusion, reality shows are popular as it helps the audience to escape awkward situations by reiterating the actors words and also help to build up confidence in individuals. Though there are bad make of reality shows, for example, students not studying and instead watching the programmes. This shows why reality shows are so popular.Lol okay sorry Jinbo. I think this essay rattling crappy x_x youd probably have vomited like 2 or 3 buckets of blood by the time you reach the end of the composition. My bad

A Thousand Acres – Summary

Major Works Study Form AP head teacher 3 Title A Thousand AcresAuthor Jane Smiley Biographical Information Jane Smiley was born in Los Angeles, California and subsequently moved to Missouri, where she went to school until college. She went to Art at Vassar College, and then traveled around Europe where she worked on an archeological dig. She returned to America and became a teacher. She had two daughters and a son. Authors Style The authors direction is used to display the mysterious and unsettling feeling in the novel.The book is told from the point of view of Ginny. The rape from the vex keeps the tone of the book very disturbing and solemn because Jess and locomote want to keep their sister Carolean free of the problems they had to grow up dealing with. Plot Summary The plot of this book completely par wholeels Shakespeares play King Lear. Larry Cook acts as the King of the novel, and he runs the levy. He has three daughters, Ginny, Rose, and Caroline. In the reservoir of the novel, Ginny thinks about the intersection and about the road overall where the farm was.Larry King wants love from his daughters to decide in how he should split up his farm. Ginny and Rose are bring upually abused in the novel, but the youngest daughter, Caroline does not partake in this absurd scheme, and becomes a lawyer. She marries another lawyer and lives in Des Moines. Larry is respected by his neighbors and takes on the role of organism the advisor but then retires for his children to fill his place. Caroline is pull down out of the fathers will because he does not think that he is grateful for everything he has already wedded to her.Ginny and Rose build to take care of their father Larry, and deal with his rude behavior of drunk capricious and wasting his money. Larry goes insane and one day runs out into a storm. The family has to go about their lives trying to broaden up their family problems from the public, to make it seem like they are just another normal f amily. Larry curses Ginny with infertility. The storm in the novel displays the pandemonium of the family within the book, and the hope by and by the storm gives hope for the family. Larry goes to the farm of his friend Harold Clarke, where Harolds son has just returned from a very long journey from.Pete ruins the farm equipment that Larry used, but instead of Larry being blinded, Harold is blinded. Caroline sues the farm, trying to say that they are not farming the right counselling, and Larry needs to run the farm again. Caroline ends up taking care of Larry as he goes crazy. Ty tries to save the farm from going into debt after Pete dies, but is unsuccessful when Ginny leaves in search of becoming a waitress. Then Rose takes over, but subsequent dies from cancer in more debt than she began with. Ginny and Caroline end up having to sell the farm. Setting (describe each place setting and its importance)The farm is the main setting of the novel, which parallels the kingdom of Ki ng Lear. Larry Cook owns the farm and raises his children on the land. Another setting in the book is the dump. It is where Ginny and Jess go to hang out, and later use it as a place to have sex. Symbols (describe how they contribute to the characterization, conflict, or thematic pre occupation) One of the biggest symbols of the novel is the dump. It is the place where Ginny and Jess have sex. Dumps in frequent are grimy and disgusting places, and the sex they had fell along the same lines.The foul act of having sex at the dump symbolizes that instead of having sex in a respectable place like a bed, the random objects in the dump hide their secrets. Another symbol is the white dresses. White dresses represent the artlessness of the young girls, which is ironic because they are the opposite of pure. The storm represents the chaos in the novel, and arises during the conflict to parallel the chaos in her family life. Another symbol is the garden. After the storm, when she goes exter nal to look at her garden, she sees there is very tiny damage.This provides her with hope for the future, because she connected it to the way that if her precious garden can survive a storm, her family can specify through their own storm. A final symbol is the farm, because is the kingdom of Larry Cook. It represents his own area that he owns the way King Lear had control over his own kingdom. Thematic Concerns One of the main themes is that everything is not what it seems to be. Ginny, Rose, and Caroline all had to keep up the appearance with the farm that everything was normal in their family.In reality, everything was completely chaotic with their family life, but from the outside everything seemed fine. They wore white dresses when they went in public to give off the image that they were pure and clean girls, and kept up the farm so that it always looked neat. They have to try their best to hide their family problems, but ultimately Ginny cannot sham the chaos. Water is usual ly vital to life, but here the water makes Ginny unable to have a baby, and contributes to Roses cancer. Key Quotes (Choose 3 with Page ) While they were cooking, I went out to check my garden.Something that always has astound me is the resilience of the plants. My tomato vines showed no ill effects from the onslaught of the storm werent even muddy, since I had made it a point to mulch them with old newspapers and grass clippings (197. ) Away from the farm, it was easier to think of how people went on from these sorts of troubles it was easier to see a life as a sturdy rope with occasional knots in it (248. ) I told myself that I had to decide what I really wanted and settle for that- every course of action is a compromise, after all (308).

Deception Point Page 3

He clucked ruefully. Thirty-four. Almost an old maid. You feel by the time I was thirty-four, Id already-Married Mom and screwed the neighbor? The words came out louder than Rachel had in cristalded, her voice hanging unsanded in an ill-timed lull. Diners nearby glanced over.Senator Sextons eyes flash-froze, two ice-crystals boring into her. You watch yourself, young lady.Rachel headed for the door. No, you watch yourself, senator.2The one-third men sat in silence inside their ThermaTech storm tent. Outside, an icy wind buffeted the shelter, threatening to tear it from its moorings. None of the men took notice each had seen situations far more threatening than this one.Their tent was stark white, pitched in a shallow depression, out of sight. Their communication devices, transport, and weapons were all state-of-the-art. The group attraction was code-named Delta-One. He was muscular and lithe with eyes as desolate as the topography on which he was stationed.The army chronograph on Delta-Ones wrist emitted a sharp beep. The sound coincided in perfect unison with beeps emitted from the chronographs worn by the other two men.Another thirty minutes had passed.It was time. Again.Reflexively, Delta-One left his two partners and stepped outside into the darkness and hammer wind. He scanned the moonlit horizon with infrared binoculars. As always, he focused on the structure. It was a kibibyte meters away an enormous and unlikely edifice rising from the barren terrain. He and his team had been watching it for ten days now, since its construction. Delta-One had no doubt that the information inside would change the world. Lives already had been lost to protect it.At the moment, everything looked quiet outside the structure.The true test, however, was what was happening inside.Delta-One reentered the tent and addressed his two fellow soldiers. Time for a flyby.Both men nodded. The taller of them, Delta-Two, opened a laptop computer and turned it on. Positioning hi mself in presence of the screen, Delta-Two placed his hand on a mechanical joystick and gave it a short jerk. A special K meters away, hidden deep within the building, a surveillance robot the size of a mosquito received his transmittal and sprang to life.3Rachel Sexton was assuage steaming as she drove her white Integra up Leesburg Highway. The bare maples of the travel Church foothills rose stark against a crisp March sky, but the peaceful setting did lower-ranking to calm her anger. Her fathers recent surge in the polls should have endowed him with a modicum of confident grace, and nevertheless it seemed only to fuel his self-importance.The mans deceit was doubly painful because he was the only immediate family Rachel had left. Rachels mother had died three years ago, a devastating loss whose emotional scars still raked at Rachels heart. Rachels only solace was intimate that the death, with ironic compassion, had liberated her mother from a deep despair over a miserable man and wife to the senator.Rachels pager beeped again, pulling her thoughts back to the road in front of her. The incoming message was the same. RPRT DIRNRO STAT Report to the handler of NRO stat. She sighed. Im coming, for Gods sakeWith rising uncertainty, Rachel drove to her usual exit, turned onto the private access road, and rolled to a give notice at the heavily armed sentry booth. This was 14225 Leesburg Highway, one of the most secretive addresses in the country.While the confine scanned her car for bugs, Rachel gazed out at the mammoth structure in the distance. The one-million-square-foot complex sat majestically on sixty-eight forested acres just outside D.C. in Fairfax, Virginia. The buildings facade was a bastion of one-way glass that reflected the army of satellite dishes, antennas, and rayodomes on the surrounding grounds, doubling their already awe-inspiring numbers.Two minutes later, Rachel had parked and crossed the manicured grounds to the main entrance, where a carved granite sign announced NATIONAL reconnaissance OFFICE (NRO)The two armed Marines flanking the bulletproof revolving door stared straight ahead as Rachel passed between them. She felt up the same sensation she always felt as she pushed through these doors that she was entering the belly of a dormancy giant.Inside the vaulted lobby, Rachel sensed the faint echoes of hushed conversations all nigh her, as if the words were sift down from the offices above. An enormous tiled mosaic proclaimed the NRO directiveENABLING U.S. GLOBAL INFORMATION SUPERIORITY, DURING love-in-idleness AND THROUGH WAR.The walls here were lined with massive photographs rocket launches, submarine christenings, intercept installations towering achievements that could be famous only within these walls.Now, as always, Rachel felt the problems of the outside world fading behind her. She was entering the fantasm world. A world where the problems thundered in like freight trains, and the solutions were meted out with barely a whisper.As Rachel approached the terminal checkpoint, she wondered what kind of problem had caused her pager to ring twice in the last thirty minutes.Good morning, Ms. Sexton. The take hold smiled as she approached the steel doorway.Rachel returned the smile as the defense held out a tiny swab for Rachel to take.You know the drill, he said.Rachel took the hermetically sealed cotton swab and removed the plastic covering. Then she placed it in her mouth like a thermometer. She held it under her tongue for two seconds. Then, leaning forward, she allowed the guard to remove it. The guard inserted the moistened swab into a slit in a machine behind him. The machine took four seconds to defend the DNA sequences in Rachels saliva. Then a monitor flickered on, displaying Rachels photo and security clearance.The guard winked. Looks like youre still you. He pulled the used swab from the machine and dropped it through an opening, where it was instantly incinerated. H ave a good one. He pressed a button and the huge steel doors swung open.As Rachel made her way into the maze of bustle corridors beyond, she was amazed that even after six years here she was still daunted by the long scope of this operation. The agency encompassed six other U.S. installations, employed over ten thousand agents, and had operating be of over $10 billion per year.In total secrecy, the NRO built and maintained an astonishing arsenal of with-it spy technologies worldwide electronic intercepts spy satellites silent, embedded relay chips in telecomm products even a orbicular naval-recon network known as Classic Wizard, a secret web of 1,456 hydrophones mounted on seafloors around the world, capable of monitoring ship movements anywhere on the globe.NRO technologies not only helped the United States win legions conflicts, but they provided an endless stream of peacetime data to agencies such as the CIA, NSA, and Department of Defense, helping them thwart terrorism, o rder crimes against the environment, and give policymakers the data needed to make informed decisions on an enormous array of topics.Rachel worked here as a gister. Gisting, or data reduction, required analyzing complex reports and distilling their essence or gist into concise, single-page briefs. Rachel had proven herself a natural. All those years of cutting through my fathers bullshit, she thought.Rachel now held the NROs premier gisting post-intelligence liaison to the White House. She was responsible for sift through the NROs daily intelligence reports, deciding which stories were relevant to the President, distilling those reports into single-page briefs, and then forwarding the synopsized material to the Presidents National credential Adviser. In NRO-speak, Rachel Sexton manufactured finished product and serviced the customer.

Psychology Analysis on Disney Character Essay

Extra CreditThe fictional character reference I chose to diagnose is domestic ass from Shrek. domestic ass is a hyperactive, talkative, funny and sensitive donkey with buckteeth. He enjoys singing, senseless chatter and usu wholey speaks Ebonics. He too proves to be rather annoying to those virtually him. donkey has a sweet tooth as well. He enjoys parfait, cake and other pastries of the sort. Some of donkeys quirks include acrophobia, which is a fear of heights. He is also colorblind and suffers from hypochondria this is a fear of illness. Donkey is impatient and has a short attention span too.In my opinion, Donkey has bipolar disorder. Often through bulge the movie he shows multiple signs of hyperactivity, elation, mood, flights of ideas, rapid persuasion and speaking, and moderate reckless behavior. Donkey showed signs of hyperactivity from the moment he was adequate to speak. When he was hit with some of that extremely low frequency dust, he attained the ability of speec h and flight. Even though the ability for him to fly did not detain very long, he still retained the talking part. Once he realized he was able to talk permanently, that was his way start of of all timey situation he got into.Donkeys hyperactivity comes from the fact that he was unendingly locked up in a cage and was taken care of by an old fair sex who treated him very poorly. Since he got his freedom he showed his true colors and abused the fact that he was able to talk or do as he pleases. Throughout the movie, Shrek would get very alter with him because he in effect(p) would not shut up or stop moving. He could not remove still for five seconds.Donkey shows signs of elation and euphoria as well. No matter what you do to him or how bad you do it, Donkey always looks at the bright side of social functions and pre tilts as if nothing ever happened. Either that or he is just an oblivious animal. This sense of euphoria adds on to his hyperactivity. Since he is always happy and hyperactive, it is hard to get his attention therefore making it an ordeal for others to talk to him because he wouldjust dose off into his own little world mid conversation and act as if he just won the mega-millions.Donkey does not get irritated very often, but when he does, he actually becomes quite persistent. After Shrek and Donkey deliver Fiona to Lord Farquaad, Donkey follows Shrek to his fairy tale character free swamp and attempts to live there. Shrek then mentions that he will build a fort around his swamp and Donkey becomes much and more irritated as Shrek wants to be left al cardinal. While Donkey is outside he takes the initiative to build his own fort therefore dividing Shreks land. When Shrek comes back out he questions Donkeys decision and they start arguing. As the conversation persists, Donkey becomes more and more aggressive with Shrek leading them to become physical to start shoving each other. In my opinion, Donkey is showing signs of irritability because it seems to me that nothing ever went his way. Furthermore, he was always told what to do and was treated insignifi cigarettly and undermined.Since Donkey is always so hyperactive and on the move, he does not allow himself or for his brain to process his thoughts or actions. You can pretty much compare Donkey to a puppy with new chew toy or a cat with a ball of yarn. Since he feels this euphoria and hyperactivity, he is happy. When you are happy you tend to be more relaxed and your sense of awareness goes down a level, therefore causing Donkey to mother rapid speak uping and speaking.Aside from euphoria, hyperactivity, irritability, and rapid persuasion and speaking Donkey also has flights of ideas. Sometimes he would become so happy and coiled up from one event that he does not think about the future. This leads him to come up with ideas that seem rational and foolproof in his mind but in reality it is very dangerous, stupid and nearly impossible. Because of the fact that he is s o happy and looks mostly on the bright side of things, he does not consider the consequences, therefore putting himself and others in danger.Through out the movie, Donkey does not show much sign of reckless behavior either. The most reckless thing he has done is speak to a dragon while Shrektried to infiltrate the castle and action the princess. If this situation was looked upon by professionals they would say that Donkey has to be admitted into a mental institution. If you were to ask Donkey how he felt about his actions, I call back he would see it completely normal and would not dominate any problems.I believe this reckless behavior also generates from his symptoms of hyperactivity, rapid thinking and speaking and euphoria. Additionally, aft(prenominal) Shrek attempts to stop the marriage of Fiona and Farquaad, Donkey comes flying in with the same dragon he was talking to fore difference in the movie. It just so happens to be that the dragon is a female dragon. At the end of the movie, when all the antagonists are defeated, Shrek and Fiona go off to the swamp and get married with all their fairy tail animate being friends. Again, Donkey comes flying in with his girlfriend dragon, but this time they come in with little baby fire breathing flying Donkeys. To me this would be a reckless thing to do because well for one he is a donkey and she is a dragon. I would imagine the difficulty to conceive children.Overall, I believe Donkeys most vital symptoms are hyperactivity, euphoria, and rapid speaking and thinking. In my opinion, these major symptoms trip out Donkeys minor symptoms that are flights of ideas, reckless behavior, and irritability. If the major symptoms were treated or worked upon then Donkey would have an easier time controlling his minor symptoms.I think that if there was a way to mature some sort physical program for Donkey to take part in, it would help him with his hyperactivity and rapid thinking and speaking but would most likely incre ase his sense of euphoria. The physical program would be meant for Donkey to spend his energy. Therefore, this would make him tired and he would no longer be hyperactive to the degree he was before he did any physical activity. Furthermore, it would lessen the intensity of his rapid thinking and speaking because when you have no energy or are tired then you seem to be slowed down and more calm. This would essentially lead Donkey to learn how to control his urges of hyperactivity and make him think of what he is actually going to do.

Our Decisions Determine Our Destiny

Our whole life is based on the decisions we make, whether it is big decisions like if we choose to go to college, get married, or have kids, or even smaller decisions such as If we decide to gaming left or right on a walk. All of these decisions that we make In life provide change our future, and of course we all ask to make the right decisions so that we have a right-hand(a) future. graven image is so wonderful that he equipped us with moral law, which provides ways to tell the variance between a good act and a dreary act.Through our conscience, God is speaking to us from the message of our being, indicating acts that atomic number 18 good and warns us of acts that are evil. An amazing poem by an anonymous author highlights the splendor of keeping a good Catholic morality sop up your thoughts, they beat your language. Watch your words, they function your actions. Watch your actions, they become your habits. Watch your habits, they become your character. Watch your chara cter, It becomes your destiny. The first line of the poem states Watch your thoughts, they become your words. all(prenominal) thing that comes out of our mouths comes from a thought- whether consciously or unconsciously. If we never think of anything, then we wont do anything. Usually, a kind, happy thought precedes kind, happy words. It preempt also go the other way in terms of kind thoughts. The poem reminds us to watch our thoughts because part of having goods morals means being kind. We dont want to say anything that we will regret saying or that makes us seem like a bad person. The next line adds on to the poem by stating Watch your words, they become your actions.Our bodies instinctively follow the words we are saying- whether they are sour or sweet. If we say things enough, then we will actually do them. For example, somebody can think that they dont like their unrecognized room and want to passably It. That person then tells their go that they are going to clean It. Over time and countless comments regarding them cleaning their room, they finally do clean their room. Another example could be If someone wants to show off to his or her friends.Thinking that throwing water balloons at a strangers car would make them cooler, they say that they will, and eventually they do. The third line of the poems broadens this trend by stating Watch your actions, they become your habits. Believe it or not, it only takes 21 times for the mind to recognize something as a habit. If we continue to do something, over and over, it becomes a habit to us. For example, every morning for school I wake up at 600. This becomes a routine, or habit for me. Sometimes we can develop bad habits that parry from our true beings.We need to remember to make good actions so that hey become good habits. Watch your habits, they become your character. This Is a very strong statement and Is true. The decisions we make can depend greatly on the determine and Inclinations that we have Int ernalized over the years. Character refers to those features and attributes that make up our individuality. Good character results when we cultivate good qualities, habits, and patterns of behavior- that track down us to make good moral decisions. Catholicism identifies essential virtues- faith, hope, and love, known as the theological virtues.They are gifts from God that help us develop a better relationship with God. By living faithfully, hopefully, and lovingly, we work with Gods gifts of faith, hope, and love. God also gives us the cardinal virtues of prudence, Justice, fortitude, and temperance. We strive to have these personal character strengths that direct us toward Christ-like behavior and provide discipline for our passions and emotions. The final line of the poem states Watch your character, it becomes your destiny. Our destiny is our lot in life, the future or our fate.However youre perceived, the way n which your behavior toward others is received will become the sha pe and metre of your days. We as humans have the power to changer our destiny, Just by what we think, say, and do. Everything revolves around the choices we make, using our conscience. God has given us many gifts, but one of the most wonderful gifts of all is our conscience because it directs us to use all our gifts for the good of the community, the common good. The decisions we make decide who we are and our destiny. Used correctly, our conscience can lead us to ultimate happiness with God.